In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. In a naphthenic froth treatment nft process, a naphthenic diluent is added to the froth, producing a relatively clean final product that can be upgraded into crude oil. Three principal groups or series of hydrocarbon compounds that occur naturally in crude oil. The paraffins are major constituents of natural gas and petroleum. Naphthenic oil have very good solvency with low pour points. The paraffinic oils can be further subdivided into group i, group ii, and group iii base oils. Crude oils are often classified on the basis of chemical composition, according to the proportion of hydrocarbon constituents. As a solid, the alkanes form a waxy substance, paraffin, which is the main component of such products as paraffin candles. Did you know that naphthenic crudes require more processing than paraffinic crudes due to naphthenic crudes having more impurities. Distillates petroleum, solventdewaxed heavy paraffinic. Difference between aromatic,paraffinic and naphthenic oil.
The term paraffinic refers to substances containing paraffin compounds, whereas the term naphthenic refers to the substances containing naphthene. Lithium hydroxide and 12hydroxystereate thickener system. Determination of aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic. Froth treatment is a process by which water and fine solids are removed from bitumen froth produced in extraction using a hydrocarbon based gravity separation process.
While metal passivators may be included as additives, the risk is only marginally reduced. Mineral oils refined from petroleum crude oils are complex and variable mixtures of straight and branchedchain paraffinic, naphthenic. Pdf characterisation of paraffinic compositions in crude. Hydrocarbon components of wax can exist in various states of matter gas, liquid o r solid depending on their temperature and pressure. Exports you must be logged as a rbn backstage pass subscriber full access to the rbn energy blog archive which includes any posting more than 5 days old is available only to rbn backstage pass subscribers. Other names, similarly imprecise, include white oil, liquid paraffin, and liquid petroleum. Paraffin, olefin, naphthene, and aromatic determination of gasoline.
Pdf classification of crude oils and its fractions on the basis of. By a quirk of nature, naturally occurring crude oil containing significant fractions of naphthenic hydrocarbons in the lubricating oil range are found largely within the continental united states and venezuela. Difference between paraffinic and naphthenic compare the. On the depth, time and mechanism of origin of the heavy to medium. Naphthenic oil, manufacturers of naphthenic oil, suppliers. In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring possibly with side chains, and all of the carboncarbon bonds are single. There are large numbers of crude oils all around the world that are used to produce base oils. Translations of the phrase paraffinic hydrocarbons from english to spanish and examples of the use of paraffinic hydrocarbons in a sentence with their translations.
It consists of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of c15 through c30 and produces. The level of refinement of these oils was not reported. The key difference between paraffinic and naphthenic is that paraffinic substances contain alkanes while naphthenic substances contain cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons the term paraffinic refers to substances containing paraffin compounds, whereas the term naphthenic refers to the substances containing naphthene. In drilling fluids, particularly oilbase muds, the amounts and types of hydrocarbons in the mud can be an important parameter in the overall.
Pdf effects on fish of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The key difference between paraffinic and naphthenic is that paraffinic substances contain alkanes while naphthenic substances contain cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin a historical name that also has other meanings, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. Naphthenic compounds are sometimes called naphthenes, cycloparaffins or hydrogenated benzenes. Product 7732185 water 8002059 petroleum 8002742 paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes 8006200 fuel gases, low and medium b. Difference between aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic oil crude oil is a naturally mixture of hydrocarbons, generally in the liquid state, that may also include compounds of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, and metals and other elements. Pdf classification of crude oils and its fractions on. Petroleum refining and petrochemical processes fkit. The results showed several improvements in the analysis of thermal properties when compared with standard dsc. There are also naphthenic crude oils that create products with better solubility and very good properties at low temperatures. Substitution at the benzene nucleus occurs by halogenation acid catalyst, nitration, sulfonation, and the friedelcrafts reaction.
Lyden oil company paraffinic crude vs naphthenic crude. Naphthenic oil do not contain wax and behave differently than paraffinic oils. To access the remainder of thats the good stuff paraffinic versus naphthenic crudes. Oils are distinguished based on their relative proportions of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic components present reference 1. The paraffin content in these oils is low so they have an inherently low pour.
Table of partially exempt petroleum process streams cas no. Naphthenic and paraffinic oils were analyzed by modulated differential scanning calorimetry mdsc. Vigorous reactions, sometimes amounting to explosions, can result from the contact between aromatic hydrocarbons and strong oxidizing agents. These risks are highly influenced by the structure of hydrocarbons in the produced composition from the well. Mineral oils, untreated or mildly treated chemical agents and related occupations. Pyrolysis of naphthenic hydrocarbons sciencedirect. Oils are distinguished based on their relative proportions of paraffinic, naphthenic and. Naphthenic based crudes contain a large percentage of cycloparaffins in the heavy components. Balancing the naphthenic, paraffinic, and aromatic carbon. Classification of crude oils and its fractions on the basis of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatics article pdf available september 2019 with 249 reads how we measure reads. Isoparaffin, cycloparaffin, and naphthenoaromatic hydrocarbons are also found in paraffin.
Oils containing primarily paraffin hydrocarbons are called paraffin based or paraffinic. Hydrocarbon no range 1530 15 1550 boiling point range c 300600 molecular structures mixtures of alkanes complex and variable mixtures of straight and branchedchain paraffinic, naphthenic cycloparaffinic, and aromatic hydrocarbons complex substances of hydrocarbon components. Classification of crude oils and its fractions on the basis of. Traditional examples are pennsylvania grade crude oils. The naphthe hie concentrates, as indicated, contain up to 60 wt. The deposition and gelation of paraffin wax are among the significant risks in flow assurance during crude oil transportation. Composition of paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons in petroleum asphalts. The answer is not so straightforward because the application will drive the choice of oil. The synthetic isoparaffinic hydrocarbons consist of group iv polyalphaolefins pao which. The base oil mixture was used for cooking and cooling. The naphthenic series has the general formula c n h 2n and is a saturated closedring series.
Melting and glass transitions in paraffinic and naphthenic. Paraffinic crude oils are ri ch in straightchain and branched paraffin. Naphthenic oils are made from crude oil distillates that are more nearly louisianagrade, rather than pennsylvaniagrade. The most common one is a type of paraffinic crude oil. Drilling fluids a type of organic compound of carbon and hydrogen that contains one or more saturated cyclic ring structures, or contains such structures as a major portion of the molecule. Crude oil includes a broad range of hydrocarbon based substances of varying chemical compositions. The ratios of these ingredients vary in oil fractions resulting from crude oil distillation 7. Isoparaffinic base oils are made with a combined process of severe hydrocracking and hydroisomerisation. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. There are three basic types of hydrocarbon base oils used in grease today. The correlation index is useful in evaluating individual fractions from crude oils. These are naphthenic oils, paraffinic oils, and synthetic isoparaffinic hydrocarbons. The wax present in petroleum crudes primarily consists of paraffin hydrocarbons c18 c36 known as paraffin wax and naphthenic hydrocarbons c30 c60. In the case of transformers there is a lot more historical data and knowledge on naphthenics than on paraffinics, and naphthenic oil has traditionally been considered the gold standard.
The bulk of the compounds present in crude oils are hydrocarbons speight, 1980. Heavy and mediumgravity naphthenic crude oils, on the other hand, typically are quite. Distillates petroleum, solventdewaxed heavy paraffinic ec number. Manufactured in an open kettle pilot plant of 10kg capacity. They can react exothermically with bases and with diazo compounds. Therefore it is the type of hydrocarbon paraffinic, naphthenic, or aromatic rather than its specific chemical compounds that is significant in the refining process.
Paraffinic article about paraffinic by the free dictionary. Specifically, it is believed that the incidence of piston ring breakage is lower when naphthenic lubricating oils are employed. The second category of hydrocarbon molecules found in crude oils are naphthenic or saturated cyclic hydrocarbons. Naphthenic base oils cannot be made totally free from sulfur but maybe as low as 0. Crude oils are complex mixtures of these hydrocarbons. Paraffins containing fewer than 5 carbon atoms per molecule are usually gaseous at room temperature. American petroleum institute 1987b manual of sampling and analytical. Although traditional naphthenic oils have provided generally acceptable properties for transformer oils, tests have proven that an oil with a higher paraffinic. What is the difference between paraffinic base oil and naphthenic base oil. The paraffin series of hydrocarbons is characterized by the rule that the carbon atoms are connected by a single bond and the other bonds are saturated with hydrogen atoms. Petroleum refining and petrochemical processes crude oil. Naphthenic base oils were also available but not normally used in mainstream lubricants. Usually cyclic hydrocarbons contain the side paraffinic chains and, simultaneously, a part of naphthenic and aromatic rings. Lyden oil company walbridge 30692 tracy road walbridge, oh 43465 phone 1 800 24lyden fax.
Paraffinic hydrocarbons translation in spanish examples. In this process, the crude mixture of paraffin and oil is. Intermolecular interaction of paraffinic naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons of mineral oils. The hydrocarbons in crude oil are mostly alkanes paraffins, cycloalkanes naphthenes. The composition of transformer oils, in particular the balance between naphthenic, paraffinic, and aromatic carbon contents, can play an important role in determining the performance and lifespan of transformers. Table of partially exempt petroleum process streams. Naphtha is a refined petroleum fraction that contains a high percentage of these types of hydrocarbons. The simplest paraffin is methane, ch4, followed by the homologous seriesof ethane, propane, normal and. The paraffin series of hydrocarbons is characterized by the rule that the carbon atoms are connected by a single bond and the other bonds are saturated with hydrogen. Composition of paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons in. Pyrolysis of naphthenic hydrocarbons 183 pyrolysis of naphthenic concentrates even under mild conditions yield table 2.
311 125 799 1545 1538 1354 1037 36 5 1372 705 963 204 1169 724 1456 1540 686 1552 1169 1239 307 211 1297 685 805 1361 118 1572 291 1508 590 944 414 296 1169 1258 411 333 51 220 251 467